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Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a very serious public health problem in India and the conducive environment permit its emergence in non-endemic areas in the country. There are constant changes taking place in the pattern of current agricultural practices and vector breeding habitats which had far-reaching consequences on the epidemiology of JE and the severity of epidemic outbreaks today. Due to the continuous ecological changes taking place, vectors changed in their breeding dynamics, feeding, and resting behavior and started invading previously non-endemic areas. JE has recently spread to new territories due to land-use changes, including forest fragmentation and concentrated livestock production. Changes in the livestock population decreased the cattle pig ratio which enhanced the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. This review brings forth the present widespread changes encountered that grossly impact the risk of infection in many places for the emergence of Japanese encephalitis and to address the implications for its control.
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O artigo discute os efeitos metapsicológicos da proposta de Zupančič (ontologia negativa do sexual) e os político-epistemológicos do manifesto de Preciado (por uma psicanálise mutante) na interpretação dos conceitos de eu, sexualidade infantil e diferença sexual, e suas implicações diretas no método e na ética da psicanálise.
The paper discusses the metapsychological effects of Zupančič's proposal (negative ontology of the sexual) and the political-epistemological effects of Preciado's manifesto (for a mutant psychoanalysis) in the interpretation of the concepts of ego, infantile sexuality and sexual difference, and their direct implications in the method and in the ethics of psychoanalysis.
El artículo discute los efectos metapsicológicos de la propuesta de Zupančič (ontología negativa del sexual) y los efectos político-epistemológicos del manifiesto de Preciado (para un psicoanálisis mutante) en la interpretación de los conceptos de yo, sexualidad infantil y diferencia sexual, y sus implicaciones directas en el método y en la ética del psicoanálisis.
L'article discute des effets métapsychologiques de la proposition de Zupančič (d'une ontologie négative du sexuel) et des effets politiques et épistémologiques du manifeste de Preciado (pour une psychanalyse mutante) dans l'interprétation des concepts du je, de la sexualité infantile et de la différence sexuelle, et leurs implications directes dans la méthode et dans l'éthique de la psychanalyse.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Sexuality , Ethics, Professional , Gender Identity , EgoABSTRACT
Background: Japanese Encephalitis is one of the mostimportant causes of viral encephalitis worldwide, with anestimated 50,000 cases and 15,000 deaths annually. Thepresent study was undertaken to investigate theSeroprevalence and Seasonal Trend of Japanese Encephalitisin Jamshedpur.Methods: It was a hospital-based retrospective studyconducted from August 2011 to December 2017. A total of 571consecutive non-repetitive patients, satisfying the clinical casedefinition of JE as per the WHO guidelines, were included inthe study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples weretested for JEV-specific IgM antibodies by the NIV JE IgMCapture ELISA Kit.Results: Out of which 166/571 (29.07%) were JE positivediagnosed by IgM Mac ELISA antibody kit. We have observedthat in a period of six years, the JE positivity rate hassignificantly reduced from 39.84% in 2011 to 7.29% in 2017.Conclusions: A declining trend of JE was seen in this study,however further research work needs to be done to lookfor non-JE causes of JE. Surveillance & effective vaccinationshould be carried out regularly for early detection of animpending outbreak and to initiate timely preventive and controlmeasures.
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Background: The present study was undertaken to investigate the trend of JE and the different parameters associated with it.Methods: It was a hospital-based retrospective study conducted from January 2014 to December 2017. A total of 3531 consecutive non-repetitive patients, satisfying the clinical case definition of AES as per the WHO guidelines, were included in the study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were tested for JEV-specific IgM antibodies by the NIV JE IgM Capture ELISA Kit.Results: Of the 3531 patients admitted, 838(23.7%) cases were positive for JE IgM antibodies. There was a significant reduction in the JE positivity rate from 32.9% in 2014 to 13.3% in 2017. The male-to-female ratio was 1.6:1. JE positivity rate was significantly higher in adults as compared to children. The majority of cases occurred during the monsoon and post-monsoon season. Fever (100%), change in mental status (87.8%), headache (70.5%), neck rigidity (32.4%), unconsciousness (35.4%), seizure (43.9%) and paralysis (5%) were the major clinical symptoms. JE positivity was seen to be higher in the rural areas of Assam.Conclusions: A declining trend of JE was seen in this study, however further research work needs to be done to look for non-JE causes of AES.
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Resumen Desde el punto de vista científico y tecnológico ha habido un gran interés en el uso de monosustituyentes de furano y tiofeno como polímeros conductores, debido a sus múltiples aplicaciones como OLED, amplificadores ópticos, nanotecnología, entre otros. Por ello, el propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar los aspectos teóricos que afectan las propiedades electroconductoras de este tipo de moléculas. Se determinaron teóricamente los aspectos estructurales y electrónicos que influyeron en la conductividad de copolímeros de furano-tiofeno monosustituidos, al utilizar grupos carboxilos, metilos, hidroxilos, ciano y fluoruros como sustituyentes en el carbono C3 y C10 de cada heterociclo. La diferencia de energía entre el LUMO y el HOMO (band gap, Eg) y el potencial de ionización (PI) fue calculada a partir de las geometrías optimizadas en DFT para el estado neutro, anión y catión. Los PI y la Eg de los copolímeros fueron obtenidos mediante la extrapolación de los valores del oligómero a (1/N) y de una cadena de longitud infinita (1/N=0), obteniéndose una correlación lineal (R=0,99), la cual se mantiene a lo largo de todos los modelos de ajuste de cada copolímero analizado en el estudio.
Abstract There has been great scientific and technological interest in the use of mono-substituents of furan and thiophene as conducting polymers due to their multiple applications such as OLED, optical amplifiers and nanotechnology, among others. For this, the purpose of this work was to study the theoretical aspects that affect the electroconductive properties of this type of molecules. The structural and electronic properties that influence the conductivity of mono substituted-furan-thiophene copolymers were determined theoretically. The effect of using carboxyl, methyl, hydroxyl, cyano, and fluoride groups as substituents on the carbon C3 and C10 of each heterocycle was observed. The energy difference between the LUMO and the HOMO (band gap, Eg) and the ionization potential (IP) were calculated from the geometries optimized in DFT for the neutral, anion and cation state. The PI and Eg of the copolymers were obtained by extrapolating the values of the oligomer a (1/N) and a chain of infinite length (1/N=0) for which a linear correlation was obtained (R=0.99). This correlation is maintained throughout all the adjustment models of each copolymer analyzed in the study.
Resumo Existe muito interesse os termos científicos e tecnológicos em utilizar substituintes mono-substituídos furano e tiofeno como polímeros condutores devido às suas múltiplas aplicações, tais como OLED, amplificadores ópticos e nanotecnologia, entre outros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os aspectos teóricos que afetam as propriedades eletrocondutoras deste tipo de moléculas. Neste contribuição os aspectos estruturais e electrónicas que influenciam a condutividade de copolímeros furano-tiofeno substituos mono teoricamente determinada observando o efeito do uso de grupos carboxilo, metilo, hidroxilo, ciano e fluoretos como substituintes em C3 e C10 de carbono de cada heterociclo. A diferença de energia entre o LUMO e o HOMO (intervalo de banda, Eg) e o potencial de ionização (IP) foram calculadas a partir das geometrias optimizadas de DFT para o estado neutro, anião e catião. O PI e o Eg dos copolímeros foram obtidos por extrapolação dos valores do oligómero (1/N) e extrapolando para uma cadeia de comprimento infinito (1/ N=0) para os quais uma correlação linear foi obtida (R=0,99), que é mantido ao longo de todos os modelos de ajuste de cada copolímero analisados no estudo.
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Objective@#To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of Jackhammer esophagus (JE).@*Methods@#From December 2015 to December 2018, the clinical data of 20 patients with JE in the People's Hospital of Yuhuan were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical data of JE patients with typical symptoms of proton pump inhibitor reactive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated.The differences between JE patients with or without GERD or allergic esophagus were analyzed, which including esophagogastroscopy (EGD), dynamic pH impedance monitoring of proton pump inhibitors and proton pump inhibitor tests.@*Results@#Of 20 patients with JE, the average age was (55.86±3.23) years old, and BMI was (26.10±3.21)kg/m2.Among JE patients, 10 cases (50.0%) were GERD positive, 2 cases (10.0%) were acid sensitive esophagus, and 8 cases (40.0%) were GERD negative.There were no statistically significant differences in heartburn (P=0.167), nausea (P=0.250), dysphagia (P=0.714) or non-cardiac chest pain (P=0.906) and their duration (P=0.319) among the three types of patients.It also affected the intake of proton pump inhibitor (P=0.377) and heartburn (P=0.494). The total number of reflux in patients with positive GERD caused by JE proton pump inhibitor was significantly increased (P=0.027).@*Conclusion@#JE has a low prevalence rate in patients with typical symptoms of GERD and proton pump inhibitor treatment response.In this study, only nearly half of the people were diagnosed as GERD positive, which indicates that additional objective tests are needed to stratify JE phenotypes.
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Aim To investigate the effects of intestinal infection induced by Cryptosporidium parvum on the ex-pression pattern of SSTR4 and SSTR5 subtype, and to examine the effect of octreotide on modulating short-term and long-term SSTR4 and SSTR5 subtype expres-sion in rat jejunum. Methods Five-day-old suckling Sprague-Dawley rats were orally gavaged with 105Cryp-tosporidium oocysts to establish the model of post-infec-tion irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). Rats then re-ceived 50 μg·kg-1·d-1of octreotide by intraperito-neal injection from day 10 to day 17 post-infection. Animals were sacrificed on day 17,37 and 50 post-in-fection for immunohistochemical analysis and on day 14,35 and 50 for mRNA expression analysis of SSTR4 and SSTR5 subtypes. Results Immunohistological a-nalysis of jejunum tissues demonstrated that SSTR5 was mainly expressed in submucosa while a little in crypt,while SSTR4 was mainly expressed in crypt while a lit-tle in submucosa and absorptive cells. Real-time PCR analysis indicated a significant increase of SSTR4 and SSTR5 expression in the inflamed jejunum. Octreotide treatment decreased the expression of SSTR4 and SSTR5 on day 50 post-infection. Conclusions SSTR4 and SSTR5 may be involved in the inflammatory reac-tion in PI-IBS rats induced by Cryptosporidium parvu-man, which shows an increase in SSTR4 and SSTR5 mRNA expression in jejunum. Octreotide therapy in-hibits the jejunum hypersensitivity and relieve PI-IBS symptoms, which may be related to the decrease of SSTR4 and SSTR5 expression.
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Resumo: Este artigo reflete sobre maneiras de articular as relações eu-outro-mundo emergentes em diálogos envolvendo o imaginário mítico da cultura wounaan-nonam, uma comunidade indígena que vive na floresta tropical do pacífico colombiano. Desde a perspectiva do construtivismo semiótico-cultural em psicologia, a relação eu-outro-mundo se produz na conservação e transformação das culturas pessoal e coletiva: nesse processo o outro é uma oportunidade para que o eu interrogue e seja interrogado no diálogo com a cultura tradicional. A construção da cultura pessoal - base de toda cultura humana - é um processo único, no qual cada pessoa cria ativamente relações de significado em um sistema de mitos que permite aberturas e fechamentos na geração de novos mitos no contexto da cultura coletiva. A articulação da relação eu-outro-mundo emerge da análise dialógica do mito Madre Ñame dessa comunidade.
Abstract: This article reflects on modes of articulation in I-other-world relationships emerged in dialogues encompassing the mythical imagination of the wounaan-nonam, an indigenous community that lives in the tropical forest region of Colombia's pacific coast. From the perspective of the Semiotic-Cultural Constructivism, the I-other-world relationships is a symbolic interplay that happens in the preservation and transformation of personal culture and collective culture, in which the other is an opportunity for the I to question and be questioned by the traditional culture. The construction of personal culture - the basis for all human conduct - is a unique process according to each a person creates meaningful relations in a system of myths that emerges in a dynamics of oppositions, allowing openings and closings in the process of generation of new myths in the collective culture. In this article, the articulation of the I-other-world relationship emerges from the dialogical analysis of the Madre Ñame myth.
Résumé: Cet article réfléchit sur les manières d'articuler les relations je-autre-monde qui émergent dans des dialogues enveloppant l'imaginaire mythique de la culture wounaan-nonam, c'est-à-dire d'une communauté qui vit dans la région de la forêt tropicale do Pacifique colombienne. À partir de la perspective du Constructivisme Sémiotique-Cultural en Psychologie, la relation je-autre-monde est produit dans la conservation et transformation des cultures personnel et collective, où l'autre est une opportunité pour le je interroger et être interrogé dans le dialogue avec la culture traditionnel. La construction de la culture personnel - base de toute la culture humaine - est un processus unique pour chaque personne qui créer activement des relations de signification dans un système de mythes qui surgit en permettant des ouvertures et fermetures dans la génération des nouveaux mythes dans la culture collective. Dans cet article, l'articulation de la relation je-autre-monde émerge de l'analyse dialogique du mythe Madre Ñame, mythe d'origine de la culture wounaan-nonam.
Resumen: Este artículo reflexiona sobre los modos de articulación de las relaciones yo-otro-mundo que emergen en los diálogos del imaginario mítico de la cultura wounaan-nonam, comunidad indígena que vive en la selva tropical del pacífico colombiano. Desde el Constructivismo Semiótico Cultural en Psicología, la relación yo-otro-mundo se produce en la conservación y transformación de la cultura personal y la cultura colectiva. En este proceso, el otro es una oportunidad para que el yo cuestione y sea cuestionado en el diálogo con la cultura tradicional. La construcción de la cultura personal -base de toda conducta humana- es un proceso único, en el que cada persona crea activamente relaciones de significado en un sistema de mitos que permite el avance o el cierre de nuevos mitos en el contexto de la cultura colectiva. La articulación de la relación yo-otro-mundo emerge del análisis dialógico del mito Madre Ñame en esta comunidad.
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A temática do narcisismo em Lacan é abordada neste artigo a partir de dois textos iniciais do autor, publicados nos Escritos - um sobre o famoso estádio do espelho e outro sobre a agressividade. Em ambos, temos a importância da imagem, tanto através do espelho como do outro, o semelhante (semblable). Para a influência marcante da etologia na elaboração da problemática da imagem, recorremos a um artigo de Bento Prado Jr., que aborda o tema a partir dos dois primeiros seminários de Lacan. Trata-se no seu conjunto da formação do Eu e da própria constituição do sujeito humano.
In this article, two texts of Lacan's initial writings, published in Écrits - on the mirror stage and on aggressiveness -, are analysed from the perspective of narcissism. In both we have the importance of the image in the mirror and in relation to the other (semblable). In order to show the importance of ethology for the establishment of the image, we consider an article by Bento Prado Jr. in which the author analyzes the first two seminars of Lacan. The establishment of the I and the origins of the human subject constitute its broader perspective.
La temática del narcisismo en Lacan es abordada en este artículo a partir de dos textos iniciales del autor, publicados en los Escritos - uno sobre la famosa fase del espejo y otro sobre la agresividad. En ambos tenemos la importancia de la imagen tanto a través del espejo como del otro, lo semejante (semblable). Para la fuerte influencia de la etología en la elaboración de la problemática de la imagen, recurrimos a un artículo de Bento Prado Jr., que trata el tema a partir de los dos primeros seminarios de Lacan. Se trata en su conjunto de la formación del Yo y de la propia constitución del sujeto humano.
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Background & objective: Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreaks are common in Assam, northeastern State of India. Information on resistance in known JE vectors in the affected area is important for effective control measures. This study was undertaken to determine the species abundance of JE vectors endemic to Sibsagar district of Assam, and their susceptibility against DDT and deltamethrin. Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected using CDC light trap and aspirators from human dwellings from 13 endemic villages falling under three Primary Health Centres. Collected mosquitoes were identified and unfed female mosquitoes were used for DDT and deltamethrin sensitivity bioassay. The bioassay was performed following WHO protocol using standard susceptibility test kit. Knockdown time (KDT) was monitored at every 10 minutes intervals, whereas mortalities were recorded 24 h post-exposure. Vector density and resistance status were mapped using geographic information system (GIS) technique. Results: A total of 7655 mosquitoes were sampled under three genera, i.e. Anopheles, Culex and Mansonia, and nine species, the JE vector Cx. vishnui group (31.78%) was the most predominant species, followed by Ma. uniformis (16.81%) and Ma. indiana (16.45%). All vector species were suspected to be resistant to DDT and sensitive to deltamethrin, except Ma. indiana, which was suspected to deltamethrin resistant. The KDT50 and KDT95 values of vector mosquitoes for DDT were significantly higher as compared to deltamethrin. The probit model used to estimate KDT50 and KDT95 values did not display normal distribution of percentage knockdown with time for all the vectors tested for DDT and deltamethrin, except for Ma. indiana for deltamethrin assay and Cx. gelidus for the DDT assay. Interpretation & conclusion: Differences in insecticide resistance status were observed between insecticides and vector species. The results of this study provided baseline data on insecticide resistance in known JE vectors of Sibsagar, Assam. The maps generated may allow better communication in control operations and comparison of changes in susceptibility status of these vectors over time.
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O presente artigo investiga, no processo de formação de um grupo, as relações que seus componentes estabelecem com o que a psicanálise freudiana intitula ideal do eu, articulando tal conceito às noções antropológicas de diferença e alteridade tal como trabalhadas por Baudrillard. As discussões são feitas a partir de dados obtidos em trabalho de campo realizado com adolescentes de uma escola pública da periferia do Distrito Federal, os quais participaram, durante um ano, de oficinas práticas de fotografia, texto literário e conversação livre, que foram compreendidas como oficinas de trocas simbólicas, em referência ao trabalho da linguagem que as atravessava. Durante os trabalhos das oficinas, procurou-se observar o processo de transformação do que era, de início, um mero amontoado de adolescentes, em um grupo constituído como tal. Busca-se, aqui, apresentar os resultados a que chegaram os jogos de rivalidade e de solidariedade que se estabeleceram durante as oficinas, dando ênfase aos acontecimentos que trouxeram à tona as tensões entre indivíduos e entre sub-grupos que se formaram em oposição um ao outro e que se relacionam ao narcisismo das pequenas diferenças e à recusa da alteridade. Tais oposições aparecem em várias dimensões das relações intergrupais, principalmente aquelas que dizem respeito à dimensão econômica e à dimensão etária.
This article investigates - in the process of group formation - the relationships that their members establish with the ideal self, linking this concept, created by Freudian psychoanalysis, to the anthropological notion of difference and otherness as proposed by Baudrillard. Discussions are made based on data obtained in a fieldwork with ten adolescents from a public school in the outskirts of the Federal District, who participated for one year, of practical workshops on photography, literary text and free conversations. Such practical workshops have been called workshops of symbolic exchanges, in reference to the language work that they contain. During the workshop sessions, we tried to observe the transformation of what was initially just a bunch of teenagers in a group constituted as such. We intend to present herein the results reached by the games of rivalry and solidarity established during the workshops, with emphasis on events that have stirred tensions between individuals and between sub-groups formed in opposition to each other. Such oppositions can be related to the so called narcissism of small differences and the refusal of otherness, because they appear in several dimensions of intergroup relations, especially those concerning the economic dimension and age of group members.
Este artículo investiga, en el proceso de formar un grupo, las relaciones que sus miembros establezcan con lo que el psicoanálisis freudiano del ideal de jo que, articulando un concepto a nociones antropológicas de la diferencia y la otredad como trabajado por Baudrillard. Las discusiones se hacen de los datos obtenidos en trabajo de campo realizado con adolescentes de una escuela pública en las afueras del Distrito Federal, que participó, durante un año de talleres prácticos de fotografía, texto literario y conversación libre, que se entendía como talleres de intercambio simbólico, en referencia a la labor de la lengua que la travesía. Durante los talleres, trató de observar que el proceso de transformación de lo que era al principio un mero revoltijo de adolescentes en un grupo constituido como tal. Búsqueda, aquí presentamos los resultados alcanzados por los juegos de rivalidad y de solidaridad que se establecieron durante los talleres, centrándose en los eventos que trajeron a las superficie las tensiones entre personas y entre subgrupos que han formado en oposición a los demás y que se relacionan con la negativa de la alteridad y el narcisismo de las pequeñas diferencias. Tales oposiciones aparecen en diversas dimensiones de las relaciones intergrupales, especialmente aquellos que se relacionan con la dimensión económica y soporte de tamaño.
Cet article examine, en train de constituer un groupe, des relations que ses membres établir avec ce que la psychanalyse freudienne est l'idéal de je, articuler cette notion aux notions anthropologiques de la différence et l'altérité comme travaillé par Baudrillard. Les discussions sont fabriquées à partir des données obtenues dans le travail de terrain effectué avec des adolescents d'une école publique à la périphérie de Distrito Federal, qui a participé, pour une année d'ateliers pratiques de la photographie, le texte littéraire et la conversation libre, qui ont été interprétées comme un ateliers d'échange symbolique, en ce qui concerne le travail de la langue que le passage à niveau. Au cours des ateliers, a cherché à observer que le processus de transformation de ce qui fut d'abord un simple fouillis d'adolescents dans un groupe constitué en tant que tel. Recherche, ici, présenter les résultats atteints par les jeux de rivalité et de la solidarité qui se sont installés au cours des ateliers, en mettant l'accent sur les événements qui a amené les tensions de surface entre individus et entre les sous-groupes qui ont formé opposition à l'autre et qui concernent le narcissisme des petites différences et le refus de l'altérité. Ces oppositions apparaissent sous divers aspects des relations intergroupes, notamment celles qui ont trait à la dimension économique et le support de la taille.
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Este artigo interroga as relações entre o empobrecimento econômico e social e a melancolia. Há um conflito que constitui o eu. Este conflito diz respeito aos graus de eficácia da renúncia pulsional. É uma equação lógica: o quanto de pressão das exigências pulsionais, associadas à precariedade dos recursos externos da civilização, tem como consequência os diferentes graus de debilidade do eu. Duas teses freudianas orientam essa reflexão: a primeira a de que a melancolia é o modelo para conceber a constituição do ser humano; e a segunda a de que o medo do empobrecimento é uma característica peculiar ao melancólico. Muitos sujeitos testemunhavam a dor de existir. E falar dIsso era uma saída. Ilustra-se essa reflexão com o romance de Dostoievski, Gente Pobre, que indica inclusive a partir da diferença sexual as versões desse sofrimento.
This article examines the relationship between social and economic impoverishment and melancholy. There is a conflict that constitutes the self. This conflict concerns the degree of effectiveness of pulsional renunciation. It is a logical equation: how the depression of pulsional demands associated with poor external resources of civilization results in different degrees of weakness of the self. Two Freudian theories guide this reflection: the first one says that melancholy is the model for conceiving the constitution of the human being and the second one says-that the fear of impoverishment is a specific characteristic of the melancholic subject. Many subjects witnessed the pain of existence. And talking about it was a way out. This reflection is illustrated by Dostoyevsky's novel, Poor Folk, which indicates through several resources including sexual difference, the many versions of this suffering.
Cet article examine la relation entre l'appauvrissement social et économique et la mélancholie. Il y a un conflit qui constitue le je. Ce conflit porte sur le degré d'efficacité du renoncement pulsionnel. Il s'agit d'une équation logique: la quantité de dépréssion des exigences pulsionnelles associées à la faiblesse des ressources externes de la civilisation, a comme conséquence les différents degrés de ®faiblesse¼ de l'individu. Deux théories freudiennes vont guider cette réflexion: la première - que la mélancolie est le ®modèle¼ pour concevoir la constitution de l'être humain, et la seconde - que la crainte de l'appauvrissement est une caractéristique propre à la mélancolie. De nombreux sujets ont été témoins de la douleur de l'existence. Et parler de ceci était une issue. On illustre cette réflexion avec le roman de Dostoïevski, Les Pauvres Gens, qui indique différence sexuelle comprise, les différentes versions de cette souffrance.
Subject(s)
Poverty , Psychoanalysis , Depressive DisorderABSTRACT
La psicología hace equivalentes las nociones de sujeto, persona, individuo y yo, y define su natu-raleza en función de su condición gregaria; no existen diferencias formales y se usan indiscrimi-nadamente estos términos. En el psicoanálisis hay una clara diferencia entre el yo y el sujeto, que corresponde a la definición freudiana de la descomposición de la personalidad psíquica, e interroga la concepción psicológica de unidad representativa de la personalidad. En el psicoa-nálisis el lazo social se define en términos de discurso y no diferencia entre sujeto individual y sujeto social, en tanto el discurso es el regulador del goce en todo lazo social donde está inscrito el sujeto...
Psychology becomes equivalent the notion of subject, person, individual, and the ego; and it defines its nature according to his/her gregarious condition: there are not any formal difference and its terms are used indiscriminately. There is a clear difference between the ego and the subject in psychoanalysis, this difference belongs to Freudian's definition of the decomposition of the psychical personality; it also questions the psy-chological notion of personality representative unit. Social fabric in psychoanalysis is defined on discursive terms and it does not make difference between individual subject and social subject, meanwhile the speech regulates the enjoyment in every social fabric where subject is registered...
La psychologie fait des notions de sujet, personne, individu et je, des équivalents et définit leur nature en fonction de leur condition grégaire. Il nexiste pas en psychologie de différences formelles de ces termes et ils sont utilisés indistinctement. Par contre dans la psychanalyse, il existe une diffé-rence claire entre le Je et le Sujet, qui correspond à la définition freudienne de la décomposition de la personnalité psychique, et qui interroge la con-ception psychologique de lunité représentative de la personnalité. Dans la psychanalyse, le lien so-cial se défini en termes de discours et non pas de différence entre sujet individuel et sujet social, car le discours est le régulateur de la jouissance en tout lien social où le sujet est inscrit...
Subject(s)
Humans , Ego , Psychoanalysis , Psychology , Researcher-Subject Relations , SpeechABSTRACT
Nesse artigo, busca-se compreender a fragmentação do eu no quadro clínico da esquizofrenia a partir de uma leitura psicanalítica. Nessa perspectiva, apresenta-se uma breve digressão histórica do conceito de esquizofrenia elaborado por Eugéne Bleuler, destacando sua proposição relativa à cisão do eu e sua visão mais abrangente da psicopatologia que vai ao encontro da teoria de Jacques Lacan sobre a dissolução imaginária do eu na psicose. Dessa forma, apresenta-se o caso clínico de Julio, paciente esquizofrênico, que é um caso paradigmático para compreender essa sintomatologia, a partir do enquadre psicanalítico que pressupõe a existência de formações do inconsciente na organização psicopatológica da esquizofrenia. O caso clínico é analisado sobre dois segmentos, a saber, o momento do desencadeamento da psicose relativo a falta na estrutura simbólica no que concerne à função paterna. A falta do referente simbólico relativo desencadeia uma dissolução ao nível do eu na psicose; dessa forma, um dos fenômenos muito encontrados na esquizofrenia é a fragmentação egóica. Julio apresenta uma identificação imaginária aderida ao outro, uma captura pela imagem do outro sem exclusão recíproca, o que é próprio ao fenômeno do transitivismo. O fenômeno do transitivismo ocorre no estádio do espelho e surge em certos momentos do desenvolvimento psíquico, caracterizado por este momento de báscula em que as ações da criança e do seu semelhante se equivalem...
In this article we search for understanding and fragmentation of the ego in the clinical picture of schizophrenia from a psychoanalytic reading. From this perspective, it presents a brief historical tour of the concept of schizophrenia developed by Eugen Bleuler highlighting his proposition concerning the splitting of the ego in schizophrenia and its broader view of psychopathology that meets the theory of Jacques Lacan's dissolution of the imaginary ego in psychosis. Thus, it presents a case of Julio, a schizophrenic patient, that is a paradigmatic case for understanding the symptoms, from the psychoanalytic frame that assumes the existence of unconscious formations in the organization psychopathology of schizophrenia. The clinical case is examined on two segments, namely the time of onset of psychosis related to lack in the symbolic structure in relation to the father role. The lack of respect on symbolic level triggers dissolution of ego in psychosis, so a lot of phenomena found in schizophrenia and ego fragmentation. Julio has an imaginary identification attached to the other; an image captured by the other without mutual exclusion, itself the phenomenon of transitivism. The phenomenon of transitivism occurs in the mirror stage and appears at certain moments of psychic development, characterized by this moment of scales in which the actions of the child and his neighbor are equal...
En este artículo buscamos entender la fragmentación del yo en el cuadro clínico de la esquizofrenia desde una lectura psicoanalítica. Por lo tanto, se presenta una breve digresión histórica del concepto de esquizofrenia por Eugene Bleuler destacando su propuesta sobre la escisión del yo y su visión más complexa de la psicopatología que es consistente con la teoría de la disolución imaginaria de Jacques Lacan acerca del yo en la psicosis. Entonces, se presenta el caso de Julio, un paciente esquizofrénico, que es un caso paradigmático para la comprensión de los síntomas, desde el marco psicoanalítico que presupone la existencia de formaciones inconscientes en la organización de la psicopatología de la esquizofrenia. El caso clínico se analiza en dos segmentos, es decir, el momento de la aparición de la psicosis vinculada con la falta en la estructura simbólica en relación a la función paterna. La falta del padre simbólico desencadena una disolución del yo en la psicosis, entonces, muchos de los fenómenos encontrados en la esquizofrenia es la fragmentación del yo. Julio presenta una identificación imaginaria colmada al otro, una captación por la imagen del otro, sin exclusión recíproca inherente al fenómeno del transitivismo El fenómeno del transitivismo ocurre en el estadio del espejo y aparece en determinados momentos del desarrollo psíquico, que se caracteriza por este momento de báscula, donde las acciones del niño y su semejante son iguales...
Dans cet article, nous cherchons à comprendre la fragmentation du moi dans le tableau clinique de la schizophrénie d'une lecture psychanalytique. Par conséquent, il présente une brève digression historique du concept de schizophrénie par Eugène Bleuler préparés soulignant sa proposition sur la scission de moi et son point de vue plus globale de la psychopathologie qui est cohérent avec la théorie de la dissolution imaginaire de Jacques Lacan de je dans la psychose. Ainsi, nous présentons un cas de Julio, un patient schizophrène, qui est un cas paradigmatique pour la compréhension des symptômes, du cadre psychanalytique qui présuppose l'existence de formations inconscientes dans l'organisation de la psychopathologie de la schizophrénie. Le cas clinique est analysé sur deux segments, à savoir, le moment de l'apparition de la psychose liée à un manque dans la structure symbolique par rapport à la fonction paternelle. Le manque du pére symbolique déclenche une dissolution de soi dans la psychose, donc beaucoup de phénomènes trouvés dans la schizophrénie est la fragmentation du moi. Julio a une identification imaginaire attachés les uns aux autres, en capturant une image de l'autre, sans exclusion réciproque inhérente au phénomène de la transitive. Le phénomène se produit dans le stade du miroir et semble à certains moments du développement psychique, caractérisée par ce moment de bascule où les actions de l'enfant et son voisin sont égaux...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Social Alienation/psychology , Delirium/psychology , Schizophrenia , Psychotic DisordersABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using TelePrimary Care (TPC) to monitor immunization programmed in a clinic. Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccination was selected as an example because its coverage has not been satisfactory when compared to that of other vaccinations, which generally exceed 90%.Data for all children who were eligible for JE vaccination (age range from 9 months to 30 months) who attended Sarikei Health Clinic between 1 January 2007 till 31 June 2008, was extracted from the TPC database and analyzed for completeness and timeliness of JE vaccination.The analysis showed that although 1,243 children were eligible to receive their first dose of J vaccine at 9 months of age, only 560 (45%) received it. 15 (3%) received on time, and 545 (97%) received it late (age range from 10 months to 20 months). Out of the 560 who were scheduled to receive their second dose of JE vaccine four weeks after the first, 382 (88%) received it on time, and 55 (12%) received it late. Only 78 (18%) out of 429 children aged between 18 months to 24 months received their booster dose; 52 (67%) received it on time and 26 (33%) received it late.TPC not only enables health staff to monitor immunization coverage and timeliness accurately, but it also helps them to identify defaulters quickly so that these children can be traced and immunized. Doing these tasks manually is time-consuming and tedious, leading to delays in tracing defaulters.TPC provides an effective system for staff to easily access real time child health data to monitor and audit their immunization programme and take remedial action where necessary.
Subject(s)
Immunization , Encephalitis, Japanese , VaccinationABSTRACT
A lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda, principal praga do milho, é comumente controlada com inseticidas sintéticos. Assim, na busca de alternativas eficientes e de baixo impacto ambiental, testou-se em campo as formulações comerciais de nim Natuneem® (10mL L-1 em 2005 e 15mL L-1 em 2006) e Neemseto® (5 e 10mL L-1 em 2005, e 10 e 15mL L-1 em 2006) e do inseticida biológico Bta (Xentari® 10g L-1 em 2005 e 2006), aplicados aos 15, 30 e 45 e aos 15, 25 e 35 dias, após a emergência das plantas, em 2005 e 2006, respectivamente. Antes de cada pulverização foram atribuídas notas de 0 a 5 para as injúrias foliares. Em 2005, somente Neemseto® 10mL L-1 foi eficiente aos 30 dias. Em 2006, Neemseto® 15mL L-1 e Bta 10g L-1, com notas médias de 0,93 e 0,98, diferiram da testemunha, com nota 2,38, na avaliação realizada aos 35 dias. Em casa-de-vegetação, plantas de milho foram pulverizadas com os inseticidas Natuneem®, Neemseto® e Xentari® e posteriormente infestadas, artificialmente, com lagartas recém-eclodidas. Após 10 dias, verificou-se que os tratamentos foram igualmente eficientes, diferindo da testemunha, tanto em relação às notas, quando ao número de lagartas sobreviventes.
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is the main pest of corn in Brazil and the use of synthetic insecticides is the most commonly applied method to its control. Thus, searching for efficient and low environment impact alternatives, commercial formulations of the neem Natuneem® (10mL L-1 in 2005 and 15mL L-1 in 2006) and Neemseto® (5 and 10mL L-1 in 2005, and 10 and 15mL L-1 in 2006) and biological insecticide Bta Xentari® (10g L-1 in 2005 and 2006) applied at 15, 30 and 45 and at 15, 25 and 35 days after plant emerge in 2005 and 2006, respectively, were tested. Evaluations consisted of using a scale of foliar injury from 0 to 5 r before each spray. In 2005, only Neemseto® 10mL L-1 was efficient at 30 days. In 2006, Neemseto® 15mL L-1 and Bta Xentari® with average score of 0.93 and 0.98, respectively, were different from control with score of 2.38 at 35 days. At greenhouse corn plants were treated with Natuneem®, Neemseto® and Xentari® insecticides followed by artificial infestation with newly-hatched larvae. After 10 days, it was verified that treatment were equally efficient, differing from the control, regarding to the injury score, as well as, the number of surviving worms.
ABSTRACT
Lee Je-ma (1837-1900) was a prominent scholar as well as an Korean physician. He classified every people into four distinctive types: greater yang[tai yang] person, lesser yin[shao yin] person, greater yin[tai yin] person, lesser yin[shao yin] person. This theory would dictate proper treatment for each type in accordance with individual differences of physical and temperament features. Using these four types he created The Medical Science of Four Types. This article is intended to look into the connection between Lee Je-Ma's 'The Medical Science of Four Types' and 'The Modern' with organizing his ideas about the human body and the human being. Through The Modern, the theory of human being underwent a complete change. Human being in The Premodern, which was determined by sex, age and social status has been changed to the individual human being, which is featured by equality. Lee Je-Ma's medical theory of The Medical Science of Four Types would be analyzed as follow. His concept of human body is oriented toward observable objectivity. But on the other hand it still remains transcendent status of medical science, which is subordinated by philosophy. According to Lee Je-Ma's theory of human being, human is an equal individual in a modern way of thinking, not as a part of hierarchical group. But on the other hand, it still remains incomplete from getting rid of morality aspect that includes virtue and vice in the concept of human body. The common factors in Lee Je-Ma's ideas about the human body and the human being is 'Dualism of mind and body' that means all kinds of status and results depends on each individual.As is stated above, Lee Je-Ma's medical theory has many aspects of The Modern and it proves that Korean traditional medicine could be modernized by itself.
Subject(s)
Humans , Philosophy, Medical/history , Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical , Medicine, East Asian Traditional/history , Korea , Human Body , History, 19th CenturyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the potential role of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/JE (MCP-1/JE) in the pathogenesis of early acute pancreatitis(AP). Methods Acute edematous pancreatitis(AEP) and acute necrotizing pancreatitis(ANP) were induced by retrograde infusion of 0.5% or 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliary pancreatic duct. The activity of serum amylase and the level of serum calcium were studied, wet to weight ratio,the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and pathological changes of pancreas were observed. The expression of gene and protein of CINC and MCP-1/JE in pancreatic constitution were detected. Results Compared with that in controls,pancreatic acinar cells were found to express CINC and MCP-1/JE protein in certain intensity. With the induction and the progress of AP,the expression of the activity of MPO,CINC and MCP-1/JE gene in pancreatic parenchyma were all significantly increased ( P
ABSTRACT
Medical education in Je Joong Won was proposed and initiated by Dr. HN Allen. In his proposal of building a new hospital, submitted to the king in 1885, he expressed his wish to teach Western medicine to young Koreans at the hospital. The king welcomed his proposal and the plan was soon realized. Je Joon Won, the first modern hospital in Korea, opened on April 10th, 1885. The following year, on March 29th, Dr. Allen began medical school attached to the hospital. Many applicants were recruited by the government and 16 students were selected through the entrance examination. At first, they were taught English and finally 12 students out of them were selected after three months of teaching. The selected students were taught arithmetic, physics, chemistry, anatomy and physiology. The medical education at this period cannot be evaluated entirely successful since none of the 12 students was presumed to have worked as a practitioner.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical/history , English Abstract , Hospitals/history , Korea , Mentors/history , Religious Missions/history , United States , Western WorldABSTRACT
Kwang Hye Won(Je Joong Won), the first western hospital in Korea, was founded in 1885. The first Medical School in Korea was open in 1886 under the hospital management. Dr. O. R. Avison, who came to Korea in 1893, resumed the medical education there, which was interrupted for some time before his arrival in Korea. He inaugurated translating and publishing medical textbooks with the help of Kim Pil Soon who later became one of the first seven graduates in Severance Hospital Medical school. The first medical textbook translated into Korean was Henry Gray's {Anatomy}. However, this twice-translated manuscripts were never to be published on account of being lost and burnt down. The existing early anatomy textbooks, the editions of 1906 and 1909, are not the translation of Gray's {Anatomy}, but that of Japanese anatomy textbook of Gonda. The remaining oldest medical textbook in Korean is {Inorganic Materia Medica} published in 1905. This book is unique among its kinds that O. R. Avison is the only translator of the book and it contains the prefaces of O. R. Avison and Kim Pil Soon. The publication of medical textbook was animated by the participation of other medical students, such as Hong Suk Hoo and Hong Jong Eun. The list of medical textbooks published includes almost all the field of medicine. The medical textbooks in actual existence are as follows. {Inorganic Materia Medica (1905)}, {Inorganic Chemistry(1906)}, {Anatomy I(1906)}, {Physiology(1906)}, {Diagnostics I(1906)}, {Diagnostics II(1907)}, {Obstetrics(1908)}, {Organic Chemistry (1909)}, {Anatomy(1909)}, {Surgery(1910)}.